Monday, November 22, 2010

How Do I calculate the pH of water after adding 500 ml of 1 M acetic acid (Ka = 1.8 x10-5) to 500 ml of H2O?

How do I calculate the change in pH, following (i) the addition of 500 ml of 1M Ba(OH)2 to 500 ml of 2O, and (ii) the addition of 500 ml of 1 M acetic acid (Ka = 1.8 x10-5) to 500 ml of H2O.How Do I calculate the pH of water after adding 500 ml of 1 M acetic acid (Ka = 1.8 x10-5) to 500 ml of H2O?
Ka= [H+]^2/[CH3COOH] so [H+]=sqrt([0.5]xKa) then pH=-log[H+]

Sperm changes the ph level in my vagina. Which creates a foul odor and discharge. How can I prevent that?

Is there something that I can take daily to prevent this? Or is there something I can do to control the ph levels of my vagina? I know that absence of sperm would be the answer, but what if I'm trying to concieve?Sperm changes the ph level in my vagina. Which creates a foul odor and discharge. How can I prevent that?
well i would say use condoms but since you're trying to conceive that wouldn't work. i know some women douche but that really isn't helpful because it messes with the natural pH too. so i guess just take a shower after you have sex and wash down there very well, being careful not to get any soap in your vagina because that could cause irritation. hope that helps!Sperm changes the ph level in my vagina. Which creates a foul odor and discharge. How can I prevent that?
your partner may need his sperm tested ,,

Change in pH + temperature + equilibruim problem?

need help with the following problem:

For neutral water the pH is 7.0 at 298K and 7.4 at 280K.



a) the value for Kw at 298 is 10^-14. what is the value for kw at 280K?

b) what effect does increase in temperature have on the equilibrium of dissociation of water?

c) From the data above, deduce whether the reation is exothermic or endothermic.



i think i can do b) and c) if i knew how to do part a). please help?Change in pH + temperature + equilibruim problem?
part (a)-



pH = 7.4 so [H+] = 3.98x10^-8 (pH = -log[H+])

[H+]=[OH-]

Kw = [H+][OH-]

Kw = (3.98x10^-8)^2 = 1.58x10^-15

Kw = 1.58x10^-15

How to use equations to show how a buffer resists changes in pH.?

How do I show equations on how a lactate buffer resists changes in pH? The components of the lactate buffer are lactic acid, HC3H5O3, and lactate ion, C3H5O3-, often provided as sodium salt.



I know it's probably very simple, but I can't find an example, so I'm not sure exactly what it's asking. Thanks so much!How to use equations to show how a buffer resists changes in pH.?
The acid is actually in an aqueous solution which means initially, it is presented in water.



Then the acid and water reacts to create H3O+ and C3H5O3-. When you add in sodium lactate ion, NaC3H5O3-, you are basically adding in C3H5O3- to the product side into the C3H5O3- from the reaction of acid+water.



This means that the equilibrium will shift back to the left since you add in more products. When it shifts back, it sort of cancels out the reactions going right caused by the reactants hence, not losing any H+ ions, hence resists change in pH.



Now to write it out:



HC3H5O3(aq) + H2O(l) %26lt;==%26gt; H+(aq) + C3H5O3-(aq)



note: H+ = H3O+ and the Na salt is a spectator ion so we don't write it out.



And the Equilibrium equation would look like:



Kc = [C3H5O3-][H+]/[HC3H5O3]

= (C3H5O3- + x)(x)/(HC3H5O3-x)



Which can be simplified as:



Kc = (C3H5O3-)(x)/(HC3H5O3)

note: we assume x is very small so we take it out and the reason it is small is because in buffer we add x to to product side to cancel out the x in the reactant side.



Look, I know it's confusing, just take time to practice these problems and ask questions when you are stuck and you will succeed. Good Luck.How to use equations to show how a buffer resists changes in pH.?
You can easy to calculate pH of the buffer by using the

For the buffer solution you can use the Henderson-Hasselbach equation:



pH = pKa + log ([A-] / [HA] )



according that equation above pH of the buffer is determined by the ratio of ([A-] / [HA] ) so we must concern with this ratio to show how a buffer resists changes in pH.



The concentration of A- can changes if we add acid to the buffer solution as this reaction:



C3H5O3Na + H+ -%26gt; HC3H5O3 + Na+



This action makes the ratio of ([A-] / [HA] decrease, because the concentration of HC3H5O3 increases.



And the concentration of HA can changes too if we add base to the solution as this reaction



HC3H5O3 + OH- -%26gt; C3H5O3- + H2O





This action makes the ratio of [A-] / [HA] increase because the concentration of C3H5O3- increases.



As thsese examples



[C3H5O3-] / [HC3H5O3] initial = (0.50)/(0.50) = 1

When you add acid to the buffer = (0.49)/(0.51)= 0.96

When you add base to the buffer = (0.51)/(0.49)=1.04





The change in the ratio [C3H5O3-] / [HC3H5O3] is very small thus the [H+] and the pH remains constant.



hopely my answer can help you...
All you can really put is:



Ka = ([C3H5O3-][H+] )/ [HC3H5O3]



pH = -log [H+]



[H+] = [C3H5O3-] / (Ka x [HC3H5O3])



pH = - log ([C3H5O3-] / (Ka x [HC3H5O3]))



I think that should do.
HC3H5O3 ---%26gt; C3H5O3- + H+

If you look up the Ka value of lactic acid you will notice it is small. This means that the vast majority of its molecules in solutiona re undissociated. Hardly any molecules ionise to form lactate ions and hydrogen ions. So [HC3H5O3] is high.



The Sodium lactate is a soluble salt. it ionises completely.

C3H5O3-Na+---%26gt; C3H5O3- + Na+

So [C3H5O3-] is high.



If we add acid to a buffer solution, the solution counteracts this by removing them.

HC3H5O3 === C3H5O3- + H+

The position of the equilibrium shifts to the left. Sodium lactate provides the solution with lactate ions which 'mop up' the H+ ions added. Forming lactic acid and resisting changing in pH.



If we add alkali, OH- ions, these react with any H+ ions in the solution (which come from the lactic acid dissociating).

H+ + OH- --%26gt; H20

This shift the equilibrium to the right to ''replace' H+ ions.

We have plent of undisociated HC3H5O3 molecules available because its a weak acid. These are ready to split up and replace the lost H+ ions.



(In this --%26gt; are normal arrows, and === are equilibrium arrows)

Hope this helps.
This is a typical exam question, and all they require is you to show lactic acid reacting with OH-, and lactate reating with H+.



Two balanced equations...

How does water hardness change?

I was thinking about water hardness for my fish and I had no clue if the hardness could change by itself. I don't have any buffers to change the pH, gH or kH. Can the kH and gH change without any buffers? I have fish in there too would that change anything either? How about pH? If so what's a good way to make it lower or higher?How does water hardness change?
Simplest?....don't worry about it.

Unless you are keeping ';wild caught'; fish that are sensitive to a set range you don't need to concern yourself as all common species (even African cichlids and Discus from opposite extremes on hardness) are tank-raised and farmed in water chemistry far removed from their country cousins and extremely adaptable to what comes out of a wide array of faucets.STABILITY of water chemistry is more important than jacking around for an ';ideal perfection';.... and stability comes from routine water changes (which you should be doing anyway,right?).

';I was thinking about water hardness for my fish ....'; .I take that to mean they are already in there,so a little late to think about it,eh? If they are doing fine,and you are doing a proper water change routine,then no reason to worry with it.How does water hardness change?
yes they will change over time due to many factors, to raise kh which is related to gh i believe, u can make a solution of baking soda(or powder whichever comes in the yellow box) and water and add that. if u want to lower ur ph use regular baking soda if u dont want to lower ph; bake the baking powder first for about an hour at 300f. ur tank will change all values over time depending on what u do to it, the best thing to do is test ur water and buy a buffer to raise the ph if need be
Please please please do not use baking soda in your fish tank. This is what is used for humane fish euthanasia = dead fish!



I can't help with gH or kH, but pH will go down as Alkalinity is raised, and vice versa. There are chemicals available, and cichlid sands, if you're looking for a higher pH.



As for hardness, I generally make the water softer by adding salt. Most city water is already plenty hard.
pouring concrete mix in the water should help to harden it
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  • Help with ap chem lab 19: pH properties of Buffer solutions?

    Calculate the pH change when 1 mL of 0.2 M HCl is added to 50 mL of deionized water. How does this pH value change compare to those obtained when 1 mL of 0.2 M HCl is added to the buffers?





    At what point did each of the buffers lose their effectiveness? ExplainHelp with ap chem lab 19: pH properties of Buffer solutions?
    1 mL of 0.2 M HCl is added to 50 mL of deionized water:



    0.001 litres @ 0.2mol/litre = 0.0002 moles HCl



    0.0002 moles HCl / 0.051 litrers = 0.0039 Molar



    0.0039 Molar H+ =



    pH of 2.4



    that's a drastic change in pH from deionized water of about 7.0

    ==========================



    when the same amount of HCl is added to a buffer the pH hardly drops at all, be cause the conjugate base of the buffer mix removes the added H+ ... combining with it in an equilibrium shift making a weak conjugate acid of that base



    I don't have your lab exp, but this is what typpically happens

    I'd like to change my ph No on yahoo?

    i will always sign in to my mobile device before i signout yahoo messenger but now i want to signin to my new number and im unable to change the number.as i click on messenger to sign out i can only sign out of yahoo but i cant sign in to my new number plz help me.and how can i sign in to my new numberI'd like to change my ph No on yahoo?
    You can edit/change/delete your mobile devices from here:



    http://sites.mobile.yahoo.com/wireless/m

    How to calculate pH in buffer solution?

    A 1.0 L buffer is prepared from 0.25 mol of acetic acid and 0.25 mol of sodium acetate. Calculate the change in pH if 0.15 mol of Hydroxide is formed in the buffer.

    thx!How to calculate pH in buffer solution?
    initial pH = 4.7 + log 0.25/0.25 = 4.7



    CH3COOH + OH- %26gt;%26gt; CH3COO- + H2O

    moles acid = 0.25 - 0.15=0.10

    moles acetate = 0.25 + 0.15 = 0.40

    pKa = 4.7

    pH = 4.7 + log 0.40/ 0.10=5.3

    change =0.6

    How much buffer would I need to change a 750 mL volume of 10 mM pyruvic acid from pH 2.3 to 5.1?

    A 50 mL sample of 10 mM pyruvic acid solution has a pH of 2.3. I used 2.1 mL of a phosphate buffer to bring this pH up to 5.1. How much buffer would I need to use for the same change in pH if I had a 750 mL sample of 10 mM pyruvic acid? Is it as simple as:



    ((2.1 mL buffer)*(750 mL pyruvic acid))/(50 mL pyruvic acid) = 31.5 mL buffer?How much buffer would I need to change a 750 mL volume of 10 mM pyruvic acid from pH 2.3 to 5.1?
    Yes, you are absolutely right.

    How much solvent will you have to add to change the pH of this solution?

    How much solvent will you have to add to 150 mL of sulfurous acid that has a pH of 3.500 to change it to a pH of 4.000?



    So I have about 50 questions just like that one, and not a single clue how to figure it out. Can someone walk me through this so I can get my studying done? :(How much solvent will you have to add to change the pH of this solution?
    I take it the solvent is a basic solution. First you have to find the concentration of the initial acid, using the equation pH = - log [H+] . Then find the number of mol needed to partially neutralize the acid in order to bring the pH up to 4. Don't forget to take into account the volume change!
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  • How do i change the ph level in my 125 gallon tank?

    ok well i have a 125 gallon community tank with just enough fish ,today i tested my ph and ammonia levels and my ph is at 5.5 way to low for my liking my ammonia level is at 0 perfect ! but i don't know how to increase the level , there are product that do that but witch one should i use? witch is best ? and how much do i use and for how long ? i know your only suppose to change 0.5 a day how do i do that ? and how bad is having my ph a 5.5 for my fish and plants ?How do i change the ph level in my 125 gallon tank?
    Hey Kevin,



    Any stable ph level in an aquarium is great. But if you wanna increase the ph level you should do it gruadually, if you yo - yo the ph levels it can kill ur fish, =S and you dont want that. If you add a little ITTY BITTY bit of salt it can increase the ph levels a bit, but i wouldnt do it. Ummm, tembien recuerda que si logras el ph level que qieres, no se va a quedar a ese nivel. Wat I sugest is to just leave it the way it is, if its not doing any harm to the fish.

    Just use the best available water, and dont aim for the ';perfect'; ph level cuz its not gonna happen.

    In my house I have a water softner and i dont add any chemicals or NOTHING to my fish tanks and it is perfect. when i wanna setup a new fishtank i just add water, filter and a heater and im good to go, so i suggest that you invest in a water softer, its awsssoooooome....anyways,



    ValerieHow do i change the ph level in my 125 gallon tank?
    Generally, what happens when your pH drops as low as it is, you have lost a bit of the buffering ability of your water. I imagine you want to get closer to neutral, so you should look for something like Seachem's neutral buffer. It should help raise the pH level of your tank and help prevent rebound - the sudden drop back to the lower pH. You will need to follow the instructions on the label. I have used this stuff before. There are some fish that enjoy soft acidic water, Angels, Tetras, and Discus. So the 5.5 pH is nothing to really panic over. I do not think Livebearers care much for this low of a pH. Another thing that will raise the pH and the buffering of the water would be to condition some tap water. Most tap water is around 8.0 to 8.2 pH. This may go a bit better than the chemicals. Of course, detoxify the tap water.



    Hope this helps.



    If you are concerned about the high 8.0 pH tap water, you could use RO or Distilled water.

    Calculate the change in PH that occurs?

    I have already posted this question but am a little confused since I received 3 different responses with 3 different answers. I am not sure which of the responses is correct, so I ask someone who is very confident of their response to please explain how to do this problem. I know that CHANGE in ph is to the power of 10 so perhaps this makes a difference in the actual response. Not sure but thanks again!





    Calculate the change in PH that occurs:



    50 ml of water is added to 20 ml of a 0.50 mol/L solution of hydrochloric acid. Calculate the CHANGE in ph that occurs.



    Please show the steps how to do this problem.Calculate the change in PH that occurs?
    *****step 1.....



    pH 鈮?-log {H+} where {H+} is in moles / liter



    鈭?pH = (-log {diluted HCl}) - (-log {.50 M HCl})





    *****step 2. find concentration of diluted HCl...



    can be found from....



    M1V1 = M2V2

    M2 = M1V1/V2 = .50 M x (20 ml ) / ( 20 + 50 ml) = .143 M



    note that V2 = 20 ml + 50 ml (you started with 20 and added 50.....)





    ****step 3 calculate 鈭?pH



    so 鈭?pH = (-log {.143}) - (-log {.50})= (.845) - (.301)= .544



    should be reported as an increase by 0.54 pH units since you only have 2 sig figs.....Calculate the change in PH that occurs?
    PH is defined as the negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration. This concentration is expressed in terms of moles/liter. A 0.5 mol/l solution of HCl contains half a mole of HCl per liter. There are 1000 ml in a liter, so 20 ml of this solution would contain (20/1000)*0.5 moles/liter, or 0.01 moles. Now, the concentration changes because an additional 50 ml of water is added. The total volume is now 70ml, but this still contains 0.01 moles. The new concentration is now 0.01 moles / (70/1000) liters, or 0.143 moles/liter.



    The initial concentration was 0.5 moles/liter. The negative log of 0.5 is .3010 and this is the initial pH. After the water is added, the concentration is 0.143, and the negative log of this is 0.845, so the change in pH is the difference, or 0.544 and in terms of pH, the solution has become more alkaline.

    Change in pH from adding HCl to a buffer?

    What is the change in pH that results from adding 0.0060 mol HCl to a 300 mL buffer solution that is 0.250 M CH3COOH and 0.560 M NaCH3COO?

    a) +0.052

    b) -0.052

    c) +0.049

    d)-0.049 (correct answer)

    e) -0.015



    Just wondering how to do this. In my class, we learned to use Henderson-Hasselbalch equation or like ICE tables (Initial, Change, Equilibrian) set up, don't know how other people would go about it. But I solved it the other day and forgot how I did it lol, I found the initial pH with the Henderson-Hasselbalch, then did something with the HCl concentration to find the new pH but I'm lost now. Assistance please!!! Please list the step by stepChange in pH from adding HCl to a buffer?
    You can use and ICE table very easily. WHen you add HCl ( a strong acid) to the buffer solution, the moles of CH3COOH will increase and the moles of CH3COO- will decrease by an amount equal to the moles of HCl added.



    Then, calculate the new pH with the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation using the new concentrations of the CH3COOH and NaCH3COO.



    To find the change in the pH, subtract the new pH from the original one.

    How can I alter the pH in my urine?

    I read that male sperm have a better chance if my pH level was at a higher alkaline, and female's with higher acid levels.

    How would I change my pH to be higher alkaline, my husband and I thought it would be neat to try and have a boy since we already have a baby girl.How can I alter the pH in my urine?
    You can't significantly alter the pH of your urine without also damaging your kidneys and, quite possibly, your GI tract.



    You don't have urine in your vagina and babies are not conceived in your bladder.



    Your vaginal fluids change naturally when you're receptive to sperm (pH rises) and drops again when you're not fertile.



    To increase the pH further? Make sure you get enough calcium, avoid acid containing foods and consume plenty of complex carbohydrates.



    Good luck.How can I alter the pH in my urine?
    Interesting theory. I guess it makes sense with the one that says so many days before ovulation are more likely for a girl or boy as teh PH level will be different at differetn tiem sof your cycle. Ill look for the link that has the bit abotu how many days befopre for boy/girl....brb



    http://www.justmommies.com/articles/conc



    http://www.fertilitytracker.com/how_to_c



    http://www.howtohaveaboy.com/



    good luck
    We have to modify saliva pH because of an illness called Fibromyalgia. About 80% of those with FMS are Overly Acidic.



    But the information is the same.



    Read www.FibroFix.com



    Email or phone if you have any questions.
    The pH level of urine has positively nothing to do with pregnancy as the urethra gets cleaned out by seminal fluid before ejaculation. If you are trying for a baby, see a doctor for best results as she will be able to tell you some good methods. But you can't ever ensure the gender of your kid.
    You urine pH has nothing to do with the pH of your reproductive tract.

    How can we stop harrassing ph. calls that are not meant for us?

    We had our ph. # changed 3+yrs. ago, and ever since then we have been getting harrassing calls from a place that just goes by ERC, for a person that we do not know. Evidently this ERC does not believe that we are not this lady, we are getting pretty upset about this, please does anyone have any suggestings on how we can get these calls to stop?How can we stop harrassing ph. calls that are not meant for us?
    Do you have a phone number on your caller ID?How can we stop harrassing ph. calls that are not meant for us?
    And mine was the best answer?????

    Now that is interesting. Hmmmmm

    (Scratching head)

    Report Abuse


    If your on ntlworld, you can get a free service off them that will block any withheld numbers from calling you, which most of this type of caller do to stop you 1471'ing.
    go to www.donotcall.gov and enter your phone number.



    If they keep calling, you have the ability to sue them.
    IF YOU HAVE INTERNET SERVICE---GO ONLINE WWW.DONOTCALL.GOV AND FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS-----YOU CAN PUT IN ALL THE TELEPHONE NUMBERS--THAT INCLUDES CELL PHONES.
    Call the Better Business Bureau to report the company. Then get an unlisted phone number. It may help.
    Threaten them with a harrassment suit. We had some collection agency calling for someone with our last name. This one woman got me on the phone one afternoon, and she asked for ';Corey.'; I told her she had the wrong number. I was about to hang up. She asked if it was the ____ resedence. I told her it was, but nobody named Corey lives here. Then she asked if it was a new number. I'd had that number since before the area code changed...I'm the only one who's ever had it. And she went on and on, and I kept telling her I didn't know him. She finally told me to just tell him to call and hung up. We got several messages from these same people in the next couple of weeks. We finally called them back and told them to stop, and if they didn't, we'd file harassment charges. It worked.
    the next time they call, tell them



    a) you have told them numerous times they have the wrong number

    b) to remove your phone number immediately from the lady's records

    c) that if they call you again you will contact appropriate law authorities

    d) that you are reporting them to the better business bureau



    you'll probably have to say it quickly because they'll probably start talking over you and getting nasty



    then if they do call back, actually report the phone number they are calling from. you can do a reverse number lookup to see what city they are calling from and even call the local law enforcement there probably.
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  • How can “apparently” small changes in pH, produce significant biological effects? Cite an example of a biologi?

    Having trouble answering this, i know that even though it is a small change, but the concentrations of H and OH change a lot? can anyone add to this and give an example. thanksHow can “apparently” small changes in pH, produce significant biological effects? Cite an example of a biologi?
    Acidosis would be an example - results when pH of blood (normally 7.4) drops below 7.35.



    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH#Living_s…

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AcidosisHow can “apparently” small changes in pH, produce significant biological effects? Cite an example of a biologi?
    Lancenigo di Villorba (TV), Italy



    Well, the relationship existing between pH and Living Tissues get evidence in the close range allowed to pH levels speaking about Physiological Conditions.

    Indeed, there are very few Living Organisms able to move downward pH%26lt;4 or upward pH%26gt;10.

    This recalls surely the HYDROLYTIC ACTIONs PLAYED BY STRONG ACIDIC OR BASIC MEDIA.





    Moreover, Mathematics has been involved by chemists to calculate pH levels. Chemists defined



    pH = -LOG(|H+|)



    so YOU REMARK THAT pH IS A LOGARITHMICAL INDEX : SLIGHT CHANGE ON pH CAN'T RESULT LINERALY SMALL EFFECTS ONTO |H+|.



    I hope this helps you.

    PH equal to its pKa chemistry question?

    Consider a solution of a weak acid at a pH equal to its pKa.



    By how much would the pH change, and in which direction, if we added to this solution enough base to neutralize 10% of the total acid?PH equal to its pKa chemistry question?
    pH = pka + log [base]/[acid]

    Initially, pH = pka, meaning that [base]:[acid] is 1:1

    After neutralizing 10% of the acid,

    pH = pka + log 1.1/0.9

    pH = pka + 0.87

    Therefore, pH increases by 0.087

    How can u change the pH? plz help?

    please help!

    how can u change an aqquatic plants pH level like wat can u add in to make the plants PH level more basic or acidic?How can u change the pH? plz help?
    To decrease the pH (make the water more acid) by small amounts, I have used sodium hydrogen sulfate (also called sodium bisulfate).



    To increase the pH (make the water more alkaline) I have used small amounts of sodium hydrogen carbonate (also called sodium bicarbonate).



    You can also purchase kits at your local aquarium store that will help adjust the pH.How can u change the pH? plz help?
    You should go to your local aquarium store and buy some pH adjusting solutions. You can't just add any acid or base to raise or lower the pH. That may kill your plants. They sell specific solutions for aquatic plants.

    How to chaNGE THE PH?

    i want to change the ph for my fish tank t0 a 6.0 or 6.5 and i want to add some drift wood where kan i get some in the sanfernando areaHow to chaNGE THE PH?
    You havent said whether you want to take the pH up or down...If you want to take it down..i dont advise the chemical solutions at pet stores...they never work long term..all they do is cause pH fluctuations and it shoots right back up again...this will stress your fish..



    So for taking it down...try some driftwood, will make a slight difference. If you use tap water thats from the city..you could try using fresh rain water..the pH is a bit lower and better for the fish.



    If you want to take it UP to 6.5...then i suggest a few rocks or a small piece of dead coral...these both buffer the pH up...make sure to boil them first. this is mainly used in cichlid tanks for buffering up the pHHow to chaNGE THE PH?
    drift wood and live plants, you can always order them online if you cannot find them in a store. petco sells them though.
    You can get chemicals to change the PH if your comfortable with it.
    you can always find driftwood at some pet store (i never seen one at local pet store though). controlling the PH isn't that easy, but it could be done by adding chemical and stuff. be aware this could lead toward unstable PH levels. this is far more dangerous to the fish. is there any reason you want to drop the PH level so low. i suggest you get reverse osmosis systems to soften the water and this will also get your PH level lower. but you must add minerals to the water if you use this method and it will also cost you more.

    How we can vary the pH value of an acid?

    Here for growing single prganic crystal i want to change the pH value(increase) so how it cn be done.How we can vary the pH value of an acid?
    Vary the amount of water it is dissolved in. pH is the concentration of the H+. Change the concentration and you change the pH. Of course, that might require a lot of water, so another method of controlling the amount of H+ would be to neutralize some of them with some OH- (add a base). Of course adding waer or adding a base would only increase the pH. To lower the pH you could add an acid or remove some water by evaporating it. You can't just pour some off, because that would also carry off some of the H+.How we can vary the pH value of an acid?
    ....dont add a base i know that...

    but increase...sorry no idea
    The solution in which you are working with must be having a constant pH, that you know by dipping the pH electrode. So if you need to keep it constant so as to carry out the chemical process (precipitation, Crystallization), just add the same acid that you added to have that pH of the solution. But the solution you are adding must be dilute as compared to the previous solution, because it will make the solution up to the required pH comfortably by adding it drop wise. If more concentrated then it may cross the pH limit that is required. So be careful and add it slowly and monitor the pH while adding, also shake it slowly, or stir it to make it uniform. Similarly you can increase also, go on adding the dilute acid solution to the mixture/ solution and monitor the pH with pH meter. Hope this will work.
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  • How we can vary the pH value of an acid?

    Here for growing single prganic crystal i want to change the pH value(increase) so how it cn be done.How we can vary the pH value of an acid?
    Basically, just change the concentration of the acid. So if you want to increase the pH, just dilute the acid.

    But for growing a single crystal, I think you'd be using a buffer solution, so the pH won't change if you dilute it. In this case, as long the target pH is still in the buffer range, just add an alkaline to increase the pHHow we can vary the pH value of an acid?
    As I remember my chemistry class, my teacher taught us that pH or power of hydrogen value has three; the acidic base and neutral. Acidic comes when the value ranges from 0-6, then 7 is the neutral value of pH and the last the base or basic where from 8 above. Always remember that the neutral is always 7.
    FOR AN ACID PH VALUE IS %26lt;7

    if the concentration is known an % dissociation is known then calculate as

    [H]*= % dissociation square into concentration



    from [H],

    ph= -log to the base 10 [H]





    and to resist change in ph add basic buffer solution

    How to bring my pH level down in my aquarium ?

    I have a 75 gallon with 2 Green Terror ,2 flowerhorn ,3 convict , 1 jack dempsey , 1 pleco ,1red devil 2 jewel cichlid so I did a water test and my pH level is around 7.5 and i need a 7.0 to be stable how do i change my pH level down towards 7.0How to bring my pH level down in my aquarium ?
    I agree with what JB said and besides that, with that incredible load, and the ticking time bomb stocking you have, your pH should be lowering anyways, because that's a massive bioload to be keeping in that tank, and I know it's been brought to your attention so I do hope you have plans for something like a 300 plus gallon tank. That stock cannot live it's life in that tank, no way in hell. You're Flowerhorns are going to kill off everyone and eventally one of the other or both. They just aren't community fish.



    There's something else worth your time to understand here beside all that. Don't fixate on the pH. pH is over hyped by chemical companies to get you to buy their crap. What you need to look at is your GH and KH which is what drives and supports the pH reading you see. By raising or lowering the GH and KH, you will in effect raise or lower your pH as well. That's a better way to deal with pH.



    Anyways, with such a HUGE bioload, regardless of the current sizes, it's HUGE in the amounts of waste put out plus very little if at all growing space allowed, your pH is going to naturally lower from bio organic material being trapped in your substrate, and it will produce small amount of carbonic and nitric acids which will slowly eat away your hardness buffer if you are not maintaning that. Older mature tanks always undergo a pH shift on the lower scale usually anyways. The pH is NOT causing any issues with your stock if they've been in there over a couple weeks. No you do not need nor have to have a stable 7.0.



    Brenden is right that yes you can use Peat Moss and Driftwood and Bogwood to do this. That's a fact, but your playing with fire if you have no clue what your GH and KH is. You strip that out with the tannins leeched out from the woods, you could have a major crash in pH. You need to know your hardness levels.How to bring my pH level down in my aquarium ?
    7.5 ph is not that bad. Most fish can tolerate Ph changes with no real problems.
    Filtering over peat moss is the method of choice. It is continuous and relatively easy to do. The use of bogwood to decorate the aquarium has a similar effect, although it's not as easy to maintain as using peat moss in the filter.



    Also http://www.cichlidhub.com has videos on cichlids if you like that stuff

    A beaker with 175 of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of?

    A beaker with 175 of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.100 . A student adds 7.00 of a 0.330 solution to the beaker. How much will the pH change? The of acetic acid is 4.760.A beaker with 175 of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of?
    Can you give the units on your numbers in the problem? Can't help without that.

    How much does coral change the chemical balance of freshwater?

    i heard that coral changes the PH of water or something like that. How much coral would it take in a 40 gal F/W tank to significantly change the water to a state that it might harm some of my fishHow much does coral change the chemical balance of freshwater?
    Coral is made of calcium carbonate, which is somewhat soluble in water. It raises the pH of water (in other words, makes it more alkaline), maybe up to about pH 8.3, which is the pH of sea water, and it also raises the hardness, especially, of course, the calcium content of the water.



    Will this harm your fish? It depends on what kind of fish you keep. This might be beneficial to Rift Lake Cichlids, and it might be fatal to Apistogramma dwarf cichlids or tetras from ';blackwater'; habitats.



    In general, it's not a great idea to use coral in freshwater aquaria. Coral has lots of sharp and rough surfaces that can injure fish that don't encounter coral in nature.



    How much it would take to affect the pH in your tank depends on various factors, such as the hardness and buffering capacity of the water before you put the coral in, how often you do water changes, and the tank temperature.How much does coral change the chemical balance of freshwater?
    I have 3 huge chunks of coral in my 20 gallon Cichlid tank. There was not a noticeable difference in the PH readings before putting the coral in or after using testing strips, so I don't think you will have a problem. I have almost always had coral in my freshwater tanks and have never seen any difference in the PH with or without it! If you are worried about it you can pick up the test strips for just a couple dollars at any pet store carrying fish supplies....
    I don't think that a piece of coral would change the PH enough to worry about.I have had tanks for many years and always have a chunk of coral in them about the size of 2 softballs.and i have a 40 gal tank.If it worries you? you can purchase a PH test kit..and then adjust the PH..It is good to do that anyways..check the water about once a week for ph.Some fish like a high PH.A good fish book will also help tou to determine the correct PH for the fish that you are raising.

    Change the pH/oxygen level of a tank?

    how would i be able to monitor and control the pH and oxygen levels of a fish tank? Have the pH at5, 6, 8, or 9 for exampleChange the pH/oxygen level of a tank?
    Keeping the water clean is what will keep a steady ph (example: regular partial water changes, gravel vacs, clean filters). But they also make buffers if the water out of the tap is to low or high.



    For oxygen levels, you can either lower or raise the water level.Change the pH/oxygen level of a tank?
    If you are keeping freshwater fish then you don't need to worry much about ph. Use treated tap water and keep up your weekly water changes and things will remain stable.



    If you want to see what it is, buy a ph tester from the fish store and use that for testing.



    Oxygen is something you gain by simply adding surface movement to the tank. Power filters are enough to do this in properly stocked tanks, and running air stones will increase it. As long as there is water movement, how full the tank is won't make a difference.
    CO2 injection is the safest way to control PH in a tank. More CO2 = lower PH. You will need to look at a hardness table and make sure not to put too much CO2 in the tank. There's a number of online resources discussing CO2 injection to lower PH. Do a search and you should find many.



    As far as Oxygen, I have no idea on that one. There are ways to measure dissolved oxygen, but increasing the O2 level is significantly more difficult that PH. An airstone can help increase oxygen, but the water agitation adds more oxygen than the airstone itself. I imagine that you could create an oxygen injection system similar to a CO2 injection.



    Whatever the case, you are definitely looking at spending some money on systems like this, and even more if they are automated.



    I have an automated CO2 system which probably costs about $250 - $350. I can control the CO2 anywhere from what comes out of the tap (9 here), down to 4 - 5.



    There's other methods of buffering PH (Water softener pillows, buffering agents) but these are very unstable and I highly recommend against using them without constant testing and supervision.



    A few quick pointers to keep in mind, colder water can hold significantly more oxygen than warm water. Once you get to about 90, it's almost impossible to have any sustained dissolved O2 in the water. Also, salt is another major factor. More HCL = Less O2.
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  • How do I bring down my fish tanks pH?

    We have a new 5gal tank and the pH level is high. We added four Neon Tetras and a GloFish Danio. The Danio died, we tried again as the store said that high pH won't matter and it died too. So we have decided we have to bring down the pH level.





    We transfered out 1 gallon of water and put in one gallon of reverse osmosis water but that didn't drop the pH level much. We'd do two or three gallons but are afraid that the Neon Tetras will die due to the sudden change in pH or the stress.





    Do I have to worry about the Tetras? Or should I leave them be as the stress or the drastic change in pH may kill them?How do I bring down my fish tanks pH?
    Fish won't die from high pH, they will only die from large pH swings. If your pH is in the 7.5 range then you will have no problem.



    STOP TRYING TO GET THE pH DOWN.



    Ask yourself the following questions.



    1)Is my tank cycled?

    2)Is the biological filter established?



    After these are done then your fish will stop dying. What you have is new tank syndrome.



    As a general note adding RO water won't bring the pH down but it will make it easier to change it. KH or carbonate hardness is the figure that will tell you how difficult is to bring down your pH. To be successfull you will need to bring it down to around 6-4dKH so as to be able to successfully use a pH buffer or solution.



    As an advice pH is not very important to most common community tropical fish. Low pH fish like neons will thrive to pH up to 8 if the water is clear of ammonia and nitrites. The problem with high pH is that it makes less ammonia concentration more toxic to your tanks inhabitants.How do I bring down my fish tanks pH?
    go to petsmart. they have a bottle of liquid that will do that for you. they also have a bunch of stuff that you'll probably need for fish. oh and don't buy those little sucker fish unless you have a big tank, they can get REAL big.
    first of all did you add any kinda of start up formula?...like Start Rite?...then maybe some Stress Coat formula would help....if all fails go to Wall-mart and get a PH kit that should fix the problem....
    what is the pH? do you know what it represents?



    what is the temperature? ammonia?



    have you checked the fish specs to see if they can live in that pH?



    unless you have acid or lye for tapwater you should be fine as long as you add conditioner like AquaSafe



    neon tetras are fragile anyway, and all RO water will do them no harm at all HOWEVER it should be introduced to a conditioned system, if you don't know what conditioning is you should learn about it, that lack of knowledge is the apparent source of your current problems
    The problem isn't necessarily the PH level.



    I had the same problem in my 10 gal aquarium. I lost 3 fish in a row.

    They were neons. As soon as the first one died I had a feeling that the other 2 would as well. When I replaced them I also bought another kind of fish (platy i think). It soon died. I did not replace that one. And everything is healthy and fine. I Think the problem was to many fish for the space. They say a rule of Thumb is 1 inch of fish per gallon of water. My experience is that is a Little to many. I would leave it the way it is and if a tetra dies 3 is probably the most you can have in that size tank. Also make sure to use a chemical water treatment when changing out

    the water.



    If your tetra population goes below 3 the rest WILL die
    What is your pH level exactly?

    I doubt pH had anything to do with it and more to do with stocking levels. If you put four tetras and one danio in at once the biological filter will not be able to cope with the level of ammonia and hence it creates a spike in ammonia; which is toxic to fish.

    The reason I doubt pH had any major role in this is because danios would be the most likely to withstand high levels of pH as opposed pH sensitive neon tetras. Also consider the fact that danios feel better in a shoal and any amount of stress from being alone and inside a new tank could have been the determining factor in it檚 death. It is also worth mentioning any container you used for storing your tested water in may have already had a high pH level if the soap/dish detergent residue wasn檛 completely washed off.

    There are a lot of variables but I doubt pH played any major role but if you want to reduce your pH level then get your water tested again and test for the level of alkalinity. Alkalinity plays a major role in stabilizing your pH and will retard any attempts to reduce your pH level. Some pH reducer chemicals work but I personally find aquatic peat moss to be the most effective.
    Don't use chemicals, and don't mess with the ph. A stable ph is much better for the fish then a fluctuating one. Just causes problems/stresses the fish. Most fish can adjust to any ph, with the exception of sensitive fish like discus. And, just so you're aware, neons are not very hearty fish, they'll most likely die on you fairly soon. As pretty as they are, I won't buy anymore of them.

    What is the change in ph when 0.025mole of NaOH is added to 1.00Lof pure water?

    the answer is 5.4 but im not sure howWhat is the change in ph when 0.025mole of NaOH is added to 1.00Lof pure water?
    pH of pure water = 7.00



    NaOH is a strong base : NaOH = Na+ + OH-



    [OH-]= 0.025 mol / 1.00 L = 0.025 M



    pOH = - log 0.025 =1.60



    pH = 14 - pOH = 14 - 1.60= 12.4



    delta pH = 12.4 - 7.0 =5.4

    A beaker with 110mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of

    of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.1M . A student adds 4.10mL of a 0.490M HCl solution to the beaker. How much will the pH change? The Pk_a of acetic acid is 4.76.A beaker with 110mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of
    3.25mlA beaker with 110mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of
    me bugeyed and silent....waaat???
    Dude, MOVE IT! now!!! It shouldn't sit on a benchtop.
    the same thing youm got
    3.25

    How do you use the henderson-hasselbalch equation to calculate changes in pH?

    im trying to work out the answer to this but i keep getting stuck..can you please explain it in a really *simple* way?



    The pH of a buffer solution made up of acetic acid (0.100 mol L-1) and sodium acetate (0.100 mol L-1) is 4.76. How much will the pH of this buffer change if 100 mL of 0.100 mol L-1 HCl is added to 1.00 L of the buffer solution?How do you use the henderson-hasselbalch equation to calculate changes in pH?
    The added acid will protonate the acetate, thus lowering its concentration. The acetic acid concentration will rise.



    We needed to determine the moles of Ac- and HAc present before adding the HCl.



    Both are 0.1 mole. You may verify this.



    we added (0.1 L) (0.1 mol/L) = 0.01 mole of HCl.



    Therefore the HAc goes from 0.1 mol to 0.11 mole and the Ac- goes 0.1 mol to 0.09 mol.



    Notice that the total volume rises from 1 L to 1.1 liter. This will create new molarities, but I will ignore the molarity calculation. This is because the ratio portion of the H-H will work just fine with the mole amounts.



    pH = 4.76 + log (0.09/0.11) gives the answer.

    Calculate the CHANGE in PH for the following:?

    Calculate the change in PH that occurs:



    50 ml of water is added to 20 ml of a 0.50 mol/L solution of hydrochloric acid. Calculate the CHANGE in ph that occurs.



    Please show the steps how to do this problem.Calculate the CHANGE in PH for the following:?
    this question was actually asked by someone else a while ago:-) nways...









    use the formula;



    c1V1 = c2V2



    c = concentration (molL^-1)

    V = volume (L)

    1 = before addition of water

    2 = after addition of water



    0.50molL^-1 x (20/1000)L = c2 x [(20 + 50)/1000]L

    0.01mol = c2 x 0.07L

    c2 = 0.01mol / 0.07L

    c2 = 0.0007 molL^-1

    or 7 x 10^-4 molL^-1



    pH = -log[H^+]



    pH(before) = -log[0.50] = 0.301029996

    pH(after) = -log[7 x 10^-4] = 3.15490196



    thus, change in pH =%26gt; pH(after) - pH(before)

    = 3.15490196 - 0.301029996

    = 2.853871964

    thus, the answer is 2.85 (3s.f.)



    hop this helps:-)







    Hope this helps:-)Calculate the CHANGE in PH for the following:?
    pH of 0.50 M HCl = -log(0.5) = 0.30

    after adding 50 mL of water the Molarity is 0.50 x (20/70) = 0.143.

    pH of 0.143 M HCl = -log(0.143) = 0.85

    change in pH = +0.55



    20 mL x 0.50 M = 10 millimoles of HCl

    add 50 mL to get 70 mL

    70 mL x ? M = 10 millimoles HCl (still the same amount of HCl, only more dilute)

    ? M = 10 millimoles / 70 mL = 0.143 M
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  • How long does it take orange juice to ferment if you change the ph?

    i am doing a science experiment and was wondering how long it would take to ferment orange juice if we changed the ph to a higher or lower level than the ph of the orange juice ( about 3-4 on the scale )How long does it take orange juice to ferment if you change the ph?
    Almost everything takes about 4 to 6 weeks to ferment. It is based upon sugar content, yeast tolerance and the temperature you fermented it at. This is more a factor of the yeast you use as it is part of the life cycle of the yeast cells.How long does it take orange juice to ferment if you change the ph?
    it would be hard and not recommended to drink while the sugar can ferment the acidity in an orange will kill the yeast it needs to ferment so you would just end up with a smelly bottle of O.J.

    How much will the pH change?

    A beaker with 200 of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.100 . A student adds 4.10 of a 0.370 solution to the beaker. The of acetic acid is 4.760.How much will the pH change?
    This question is impossible to answer as three vital bits of info are missing .. see below. This explains the lack of response.



    A beaker with 200 of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.100 . A student adds 4.10 [WHAT] of a 0.370 solution [OF WHAT] to the beaker. The [WHAT] of acetic acid is 4.760.

    How long does it take to change soil pH?

    For example, how long would it take for neutral soil to a pH of 10, by using limestone? ( I know that limestone raises soil pH). Would it take a month? a year? How long does it take to change soil pH?
    It usually takes a year or more for pH to reach the target value. When high rates are used and there is good mixing of lime with soil, change may take place faster. If both lime and soil are mixed in a powdery dry condition just before rain, pH change may occur in just a month or two.

    How long does it take to change soil pH?
    Take your soil sample, place it in a funnel with some fine screen or cloth in the bottom. Add a measured soil sample, run purified water through the sample, perhaps 100 mL. Collect the filtrate and check the pH. Most pH test are based on the sample being 25 degrees C. Once you've established the pH of the natural soil, try adding the soil amendments to the soil and repeat the filtration process and check the pH again. Has it changed? If not, try adding adding more of the soil amendment. You cold do the same process with an acidifier such as Ironite or sulfur to see how long and much amendment it takes to change the pH. Liquid amendments should change the pH almost immediately but may not last very long. Another factor is the amount of humus (which is acidic) is in the soil.

    How much will the pH change?

    A beaker with 185 mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.100 M. A student adds 8.30 mL of a 0.300 M HCl solution to the beaker. How much will the pH change? The pKa of acetic acid is 4.760.How much will the pH change?
    5.00 - 4.760 = 0.24



    10^0.24 =1.74 = [acetate]/ [acetic acid]



    [acetate]= 1.74 [acetic acid]



    because

    [acetate] + [acetic acid]= 0.100

    [acetate]= 0.100 - [acetic acid]



    0.100 - [acetic acid] = 1.74 [acetic acid]

    [acetic acid]= 0.0365 M

    [acetate]= 0.100 - 0.0365 = 0.0635 M



    moles acetate = 0.185 L x 0.0635 = 0.0117

    moles acetic acid = 0.185 L x 0.0365 =0.00675



    moles HCl added = 0.00830 L x 0.300 M=0.00249



    CH3COO- + H+ = CH3COOH

    moles acetic acid = 0.00675 + 0.00249=0.00924

    moles acetate = 0.0117 - 0.00249=0.00921



    pH = 4.760 + log 0.00921/ 0.00924 = 4.76



    delta pH =5.00 - 4.76 = 0.24

    How much will the pH change?

    A beaker with 190mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.1M . A student adds 8.70mL of a 0.420M HCl solution to the beaker. How much will the pH change? The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76.



    Express your answer numerically. Use a minus (-) sign if the pH has decreased.How much will the pH change?
    pH = pKa + log [CH3COO-] / [CH3COOH ]

    5.00 = 4.76 + log [CH3COO-] / [CH3COOH]

    0.24 = log [CH3COO-] / [CH3COOH ]



    [CH3COO-] / [CH3COOH ] = 10^0.24 = 1.74

    [CH3COO-] + [CH3COOH ] = 0.1

    We solve this system and we get

    [CH3COOH ] = 0.0365 M

    [CH3COO-] = 0.0635 M



    Moles CH3COOH = 0.0365 x 0.190 = 0.00694

    Moles CH3COO- = 0.0635 x 0.190 = 0.0121



    Moles H+ added = 8.70 x 0.420 /1000 = 0.00365

    The effect of the added 0.00365 mole of H+ would be to decrease the moles of CH3COO- by 0.00365 and increase the moles of CH3COOH by 0.00365

    Moles CH3COOH = 0.0106

    moles CH3COO- = 0.00845

    Total volume = 198.7 mL = 0.1987 L

    concentration CH3COOH = 0.0533 M

    concentration CH3COO- = 0.0425

    pH = 4.76 + log 0.0425 / 0.0533 = 4.66

    (-) from 5.00 to 4.66
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  • Calculate the change in PH that occurs:?

    50 ml of water is added to 20 ml of a 0.50 mol/L solution of hydrochloric acid. Calculate the CHANGE in ph that occurs.



    Please show the steps how to do this problem.Calculate the change in PH that occurs:?
    use the formula;



    c1V1 = c2V2



    c = concentration (molL^-1)

    V = volume (L)

    1 = before addition of water

    2 = after addition of water



    0.50molL^-1 x (20/1000)L = c2 x [(20 + 50)/1000]L

    0.01mol = c2 x 0.07L

    c2 = 0.01mol / 0.07L

    c2 = 0.0007 molL^-1

    or 7 x 10^-4 molL^-1



    pH = -log[H^+]



    pH(before) = -log[0.50] = 0.301029996

    pH(after) = -log[7 x 10^-4] = 3.15490196



    thus, change in pH =%26gt; pH(after) - pH(before)

    = 3.15490196 - 0.301029996

    = 2.853871964

    thus, the answer is 2.85 (3s.f.)



    hop this helps:-)







    Hope this helps:-)

    If You Exposed Water to a Lit Match, How Much Would It's pH Change...?

    If the water started at 7.0If You Exposed Water to a Lit Match, How Much Would It's pH Change...?
    Yes the pH goes down because of CO2... but to determine the actual pH...



    Assume that the mixture of gases generated by the match is 50/50 CO2 and H2O. So once this mixture displaces all of the air in the tube, this will be the vapor phase composition at the surface of the liquid. The pressure is about 1 atm, so the PCO2 = 0.5 atm.



    The link posted below shows a simple way to use Henrys law and carbonate equilibria to estimate the pH of water in equilibrium with CO2 containing gases. plugging in a PCO2 of 0.5 atm to the equations, I calculate pH 4.2.



    I dont think these assumptions are good enough to say an exact pH, but I definitely think the pH is between 4 and 5.If You Exposed Water to a Lit Match, How Much Would It's pH Change...?
    H2O + H2O + heat %26lt;--%26gt; H3O+ + OH-



    Kw = [H3O+][OH-]



    Notice that this is an ENDOTHERMIC reaction.

    When you add heat, the equilibrium shifts to the right to counter the effects of the added stress (heat increase). Thus, BOTH the concentration of hydronium and hydroxide ions increase, BUT the pH remains NEUTRAL.

    Thus, there is NO change in pH by heating water.



    [Answer: see above]



    EDIT: I would have to agree with the latter poster.

    According to his formula, there is a production of acid from the formation of CO2 with water. The increase in acid causes the pH of water to drop below 7.
    The pH would drop as the CO2 from the match

    disolved in the water forming carbonic acid.

    H2O + CO2 --%26gt; H2 CO3

    How many pH units change are usually required for an indicator to undergo a color change?

    Thanks.How many pH units change are usually required for an indicator to undergo a color change?
    It depends on the sensitivity of the indicator you are using. There should be a guide with the indicator you are using. Litmus paper, which is the most common form of pH indicator, will change fairly constant across the pH scale, but a neutral (pH 7+/- 0.5 about) solution will normally not cause a change.

    Strong base added changes pH?

    can someone please help me with this and explain it to me? i'm not just asking for an answer; i'd like to actually know how to do this. thank you so much and the first correct answer will get a best answer!



    a buffer is composed of NH3 and NH4Cl. how would this buffer solution control the pH of a solution when a small amount of a strong base is added?



    1. the OH- reacts with the Cl-

    2. the OH- reacts with the H2O

    3. the OH- reacts with the NH4+

    4. the OH- reacts with the NH3Strong base added changes pH?
    The strong base OH- is going to react with the weak acid to form water and the conjugate base of the weak acid. So, OH- reacts with NH4+ to form water and NH3.



    3 is the bet answer.Strong base added changes pH?
    3. the OH- reacts with the NH4+



    Because:



    A buffer is either a weak acid or a weak base. ';Weak'; means not all of the compound forms ions. There is always a fixed ratio of ions to molecules. Ammonia reacts with water to form ammonium hydroxide, some of which forms ammonium ions and some of which stays as ammonium hydroxide molecules.



    NH4OH %26lt;-%26gt; NH4(+) + OH(-)



    A base is defined as a substance which forms hydroxyl ions in water. ';Strong'; bases exist almost entirely of ions. As more hydroxyl ions are added to the solution, it combines with the ammonium ions, forming ammonium hydroxide molecules. This effectively removes the base from solution and the pH will stay the same. This is how buffers work chemically.
    A strong base needs to react with an acid. That acid may be either strong or weak.



    1. The chloride ion is a neutral, spectator, ion when it comes to acid-base chemistry. There will be no significant interaction.



    2. The water molecule can act as an acid, but the product of this reaction is just more OH-:



    OH- + H2O = H2O + OH-



    Skipping ahead



    4. NH3 is a weak base. Bases react with acids, not other bases. There will be no significant interaction.



    This leaves:



    3. The NH4+ in NH4Cl is a weak acid, the conjugate acid of NH3. As long as the amount of added strong base is small the following reaction will proceed to completion with all of the OH- consumed:



    NH4+ + OH- = NH3 + H2O



    When the reaction is finished, there will still be unreacted NH4+ remaining along with additional NH3 produced. Thus, the system is only slightly perturbed. We start with a mixture of NH3 and NH4+, a weak base and it conjugate acid, and we end with a mixture of NH3 and NH4+. This is buffering.
    3. NH4+ + OH- ===%26gt; NH3 + H2O



    The pH goes up, but not by as much as it would if you added OH- to water.

    A 11.5 mL sample of a HCl solution has a pH of 2.000. What volume of water must be added to change the pH to 4

    I keep getting 985ml how do i solve this problem?A 11.5 mL sample of a HCl solution has a pH of 2.000. What volume of water must be added to change the pH to 4
    pH = 2.00 so [H+] = 0.01 moles per liter

    0.01 M x .0115 L = 0.000115 moles



    You want a pH of 4, so [H+] = 0.0001 moles per liter

    0.000115 moles/0.0001 mole per L = 1.150 Liters

    1150 mL - 11.5 mL = 1138.5 mL
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  • How are we going to calculate the buffer capacity?

    Buffer capacity is the number of moles of strong acid or strong base that 1L of the buffer can absorb without changing pH by more than 1.How are we going to calculate the buffer capacity?
    Buffer Capacity is the ratio of the increment of strong base or strong acid to the change in pH.





    B = 锚B / 锚pH







    = the small increment in gram equivalents/liter of strong base (or acid) added to buffer solution to produce a pH change of 锚pH.





    B = (2.3 x C x Ka [H+] ) / (Ka + [H+])2



    B = 2.3 C a (1 - a)



    C = [Acid] + [Salt]

    or

    C = [Base] + [Salt]



    Example:



    Calculate the buffer capacity (B) for a mixture of 0.01 moles of acetic acid and 0.03 moles of NaOAc in 100 mL of total solution. pKa = 5.24







    pH = pKa + log (salt/acid) = 4.76 + log 0.03/0.01 = 5.24



    [H+] = 5.75 x 10-6



    C = (0.01 + 0.03) moles/100 mL = 0.4 M



    pKa = 4.76



    Ka = 1.74 x 10-5



    B = (2.3 x C x Ka [H+] ) / (Ka + [H+])2



    B = ( 2.3 x 0.4 x 1.74 x 10-5 x 5.75 x 10-6 ) / (1.74 x 10-5 + 5.75 x 10-6)2



    B = ( 9.20 x 10-11 ) / ( 5.36 x 10-10 ) = 0.172



    Using other equation:



    B = 2.3 C a (1- a )



    C = (0.01 + 0.03) moles/100 mL = 0.4 M



    a = (0.03)/(0.03 + 0.01) = 0.75



    B = 2.3 x 0.4 x 0.75 x (1 - 0.75)

    B = 2.3 x 0.4 x 0.75 x 0.25 = 0.172

    What type of flower changes color because of ph level?

    We are doing a science project about how ph level will affect the color pigments in flowers. So we need a fast growing flower that will change color when we change the ph level. I heard about hydrangeas, but they take a long time to grow. Any other flowers?What type of flower changes color because of ph level?
    Hydrangea is the classic example, and you can buy a compound in garden centers, that you can use to change pink hydrangeas to blue - acidity based I think, but you can try sequestered iron compound.



    With other plants you may get some change, but probably not as dramatic. Flowers which vary from pink to white are a good bet, such as Michaelmas daisies and Dactylorrhiza orchid species which we have growing here in London, UK.

    What is the longest living aquarium fish you have ever kept and how long?

    I have tried to keep several different species of fish with not a lot of success. I know about water changes, pH, aeration etc., but the longest I've ever kept a fish was a Betta for 1 year. Just curious to know what species others have had success with.What is the longest living aquarium fish you have ever kept and how long?
    I still have the first fish I bought when I set up my tank 3 years ago. It's a Goldpot pleco. I have a Sailfin pleco that I adopted that is about 6 years old now, but I have only had it for a year. And my old pond goldfish is still in a friends pond, I bought that about 8 years ago.



    But small fish like guppies only live for a couple of years. They can still drop about 1,000 fry in that time though, so although I dont have my original guppies, I have their grand-fry still.



    I have found that a big tank, good filtration, lots of water changes and just leaving everything else alone works best. The more you try and play with the water parameters the more problems you create. Just get some water conditioner and give your fish LOTS of fresh water.



    Ian



    Edit..



    I have just got a freshwater crayfish from the stream in the garden, but I didn't count that as I only caught it on Monday. But it's about 3 inches long and probably 15 years old. The eel, that I left in the stream was probably 30 years old, but I dont have a tank to house a 3ft eel. :-)What is the longest living aquarium fish you have ever kept and how long?
    goldfish while under the rite conditions or oscars and alot of cichlids
    I had a silver arrowana that lived 18 years.
    Well, considering I just set up my tanks again in the last 2 years, right now I currently have most of my original fish I bought about 2 years ago.



    However, one of my Mom's tanks had an Angel fish survive for 12 years.



    Best of Luck!
    well it doest compare to the other fishes

    ive had a bala shark for about four years now
    ben L, you must be looking after your fish very well! in general, clown fish and most other marine species can live for 20-30 years but usually only last 5 years. i have never owned a marine aquarium but would love to one day!

    now: when i was 5 we had a tank with three goldfish; i think two were comets and mine was a black moore. they lived for, oh say, five or six years. they would have lasted a lot longer if i had known what i knew today, but i was only 5! we only had a box filter and their tank was way too small for them. they grew to 6-7+ inches, around about, one of the comets was white and the other was gold. they were beautiful fish, the white one grew very well in the tank. if you keep goldfish in the correct conditions, they can live much much longer. you might want to try these:

    dojo/weather loach, cold water, average 10years:

    http://www.aquatic-hobbyist.com/profiles

    guppies; the wild type are not ascolourful, but are hardier. guppies and endlers are much the same in many cases:

    http://www.aquatic-hobbyist.com/profiles

    http://www.guppies.com/

    http://www.aquahobby.com/gallery/e_Poeci

    any of the livebearers are generally pretty hardy (swordtails, wild swordtails, platies, mollies etc) and come in many different varieties:

    http://badmanstropicalfish.com/liveb.htm

    http://www.thetropicaltank.co.uk/Fishind

    coldwater fish, in general, live the longest and are usually hardier and accept a wider range of conditions. this site i have found very handy and if you google search a fish you can find many many more great and extensive sites:

    http://www.aquahobby.com/age_of_aquarium

    best of luck =]
    I have only had my tank set up for a couple of years now, but I have read that goldfish, angel fish, and algae eaters can live for a long time. I haven't researched any other ones.
    Wow, well it doesn't compare to the clownfish (impressive), but I've had the same pleco and blue gourami for about six years now. They're still going strong. Of course... it is just the two of them, because the gourami managed to kill and eat every other fish that I've put in the aquarium, so I finally gave up.
    my dad has a clown fish thats 21 or 22 yrs old now
    16 yo goldfish, evetually gave him to a friend's pond..

    was about 18''

    then again i am 18 so that kinda puts a limit on how old the fish could be, lol



    bettas should be able to get to about 5yo...

    most tetras and small community fish should as well

    cichlids usually 5-20yo

    puffers up to 20

    large fish in general live longer than small fish, some people guess that koi and others can live up to 100years.
    My ghost knife and upside-down cat have been in my 55 since I set it up about five years ago.

    A change in a degree of temperature = how much ph change?

    If i want to prepare a buffer at 25 degree celsius such that when placed at a temperature of 37 degree celsius it will be at pH 8, what pH should i prepare my buffer at 25 degree celsius?A change in a degree of temperature = how much ph change?
    depends on what your buffer is, everyhting is effected differently by temperatureA change in a degree of temperature = how much ph change?
    I didn't know that temperature affected the ph.
    U can try experimenting is at differnet pH since temperature does affect pH, but shouldn't be that much of a difference...



    May be around pH 6 ~ 7+ would be nice... Worth experimenting...

    More info-How do you calculate the expected change in pH of a buffer solution when acid/base is added?

    I'm sorry, I forgot:

    both NaOH and HCl are 0.5mol/L

    Ka of ethanoic acid is 1.7 * 10^-5...

    does that help?

    here's the question again



    A buffer of pH 4 is prepared by adding 0.14g of solid sodium ethaonate to 0.1l of 0.1mol/l ethanoic acid.

    What will be the new pH if 2.2 mL of HCl are added?

    If 4.5mL of NaOH are added?More info-How do you calculate the expected change in pH of a buffer solution when acid/base is added?
    molar mass CH3COONa = 82

    0.14 / 82 = 0.00171 moles CH3COONa

    Moles CH3COOH = 0.01

    We add 2.2 mL of HCl 0.5 M

    Moles H+ = 0.5 x 2.2 /1000 = 0.0011

    The effect of the added 0.0011 mole of H+ would be to decrease the moles of CH3COO- by 0.0011 and increase the moles of CH3COOH by 0.0011 by the reaction

    H+ + CH3COO- %26gt;%26gt; CH3COOH

    This will give us 0.00171 - 0.0011 = 0.00061 moles CH3COO- and 0.01+ 0.0011 = 0.0111 moles CH3COOH

    Total volume = 0.1 L + 0.0022 L = 0.1022 L

    [CH3COO-] = 0.00061 / 0.1022 = 0.00597 M

    [CH3COOH ] = 0.0111 / 0.1022 = 0.1086 M

    pK = - log 1.7 x 10^-5 = 4.77

    pH = pk + log [CH3COO-]/ [CH3COOH] =

    = 4.77 + log 0.00597 / 0.1086 = 3.510



    MOles OH- = 4.5 x 0.5 /1000 = 0.00225

    The effect of the added OH- is to convert CH3COOH to CH3COO- via the net reaction

    OH- + CH3COOH %26gt;%26gt; H2O + CH3COO-

    The initial buffer has 0.00171 moles CH3COO- and 0.01 moles CH3COOH

    We get 0.01 - 0.00225 = 0.0075 mole CH3COOH and

    0.00171 + 0.00225 = 0.00396 mole CH3COO-

    total volume = 0.0045 L + 0.1 = 0.1045 L

    [ CH3COOH ] = 0.0075 / 0.1045 = 0.0718 M

    [CH3COO-] = 0.00396 / 0.1045 = 0.0379 M

    pH = 4.77 + log 0.0379 / 0.0718 = 4.49

    Saturday, November 20, 2010

    Changing pH level of HCl?

    Given a 1.0M solution of HCl with pH of 0. How much water is needed to raise the pH to 2.0?



    Please explain how you do this.Changing pH level of HCl?
    A pH of 2.0 means a concentration of 0.010 M. This solution needs to be diluted to 1/100th of its current concentration. Use 1.0 mL of the 1.0M solution and add enough water to make a total of 100 mL. That should do the trick.
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  • How do you change the pH of something?

    to make it closer to 0 to you add lemon juice or to make it basic do you add baking soda in solution?How do you change the pH of something?
    baking soda to make it basic. you should know this.How do you change the pH of something?
    Need to neutralize it. If acid add a base, if base add acid. You just have to be careful as the reaction is likely to be exothermic and, in some cases, violent. Check compatibility charts.
    pH is better known as how acidic or basic something is. Acid has a low pH and base has a high pH. pH is really a mathematical term meaning -log[H+] or -log of the concentration of hydrogen ions. pH is something you learn about in general chemistry in high school and college. You find yourself doing some math problems and using acids and bases to bring some solution to a given pH or adding acid and bases to a solution and taking a plethora of measurements to determine the buffering capacity. (This latter procedure involves opening the spigot on the acid/base solution and trying to hit the pH you're looking for as quickly as possible, usually you overshoot, have to add the opposite acid/base, and repeat).

    Rock Changing PH?

    I have a 10 gallon tank (freshwater). I recently added a rock from a petstore. I am not sure what it is called. After I added it to my tank, I checked the pH and the pH 6.0 ppm and it was used to be 7.0 ppm. How do I know if it is the rock that changed the water to 6ppm. Also, when I added the rock, there were bubbles coming from it. I am not sure what to do! Help! How do I fix it?



    And please give me a reason why the pH changed?



    I have a 10 gallon tank (freshwater) with 2 Cherry Barb and 2 Cory Cats. These fish have been here since January.



    Thank you in advance.Rock Changing PH?
    I really doubt the rock caused the pH change. I think it was probably just coincidence that it changed about the time you added the rock. Odds are very good you have a low KH or carbonate hardness in your tank. This would allow the pH to easily drop over time. The best thing to do is frequent small water changes to keep the pH from dropping too far too quickly. If that doesn't seem to help, remove the rock and see if it will slowly go back up with water changes and stabilize where it was.



    There are a few other things you can try if none of this works, feel free to email me and I'll be glad to help more.



    MMRock Changing PH?
    The rock really shouldn't have affected the ph i have added rock to my tanks and never had a problem some rock if very porous so you will have lots of air bubbles coming out. if you have driftwood the ph will drop if the fish have been in the tank and you haven't done a water change try doing a small water change and see if the ph levels back out.
    bubbles are not a bad sign it just is air grasping on from puting it in all rock carry a risk of pH change even gravel. but usally it's very slight. Did you every work with somthing with a asidic property like lemon juice or soda then stick your hand in the tank this may have affected your pH. pH changes are always fluxuating so don't freak at least not yet.
    Some rocks do change the PH in a tank. Yes a low KH (carbonate hardness) is likely the culprit as to why a rock would raise the PH do suddenly. Here is a link to an article that I wrote on this topic. It lists many rocks and substrates that do raise the PH.



    http://fishlesscycling.com/articles/the_
    the rock may have reacted with the acid in the tank when you put in if it did not change it too much do not worry about it your tank will be fine if their was any paint on it when you first put in the tank that might have some thing to do with that the bubbles that you speak of were only air trapped in side the rock when the rock is good and soaked that will stop if you have a ph kit it will show how to change the ph of your tank you tank should be fine

    A beaker with 135 mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00....Find change in pH?

    A beaker with 135 mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.1 M. A student adds 7.80 mL of a 0.400 M solution to the beaker. How much will the pH change? The pKa of acetic acid is 4.76.A beaker with 135 mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00....Find change in pH?
    let x = [CH3COOH]

    let y = [CH3COO-]



    5.00 = 4.76 + log y/x

    5 - 4.76 =0.24

    10^0.24 = 1.74 = y/x



    1.74 x = y

    x + y = 0.1

    x + 1.74 x = 0.1

    2.74 x = 0.1

    x = 0.0365 M

    y = 0.1 - 0.0365 =0.0635 M





    moles acetic acid = 0.135 L x 0.0365 =0.00493

    moles acetate = 0.135 L x 0.0635 = 0.00857



    7.90 mL of 0.400 M of ??????



    hope helps

    One question about calculate problems with pH?

    I did an experiment, and it showed that the pH increased from 7.45 to 10.91, so it meant that the pH change is 3.46. Now I need to calculate the FOLD CHANGE IN H+ CONCENTRATION, but I don't know the formula to calculate it. Can you please show me how to calculate this value?One question about calculate problems with pH?
    the rule is : pH = - Log [H+] where [H+] is H+ CONCENTRATION



    So [H+] = 10^( - pH)



    Let [H+]i be H+ CONCENTRATION when pHi =7.45



    and Let [H+]f be H+ CONCENTRATION when pHf =7.45



    So when [H+]i = 3.548 * 10^-8 mol/L and [H+]f = 1.230 * 10^-11 mol/L



    I guess u know how to do the rest.One question about calculate problems with pH?
    pH = -log[H+]



    which means you do 10^-3.46

    Calculate the CHANGE in PH for the following:?

    Calculate the change in PH that occurs:



    50 ml of water is added to 20 ml of a 0.50 mol/L solution of hydrochloric acid. Calculate the CHANGE in ph that occurs.



    Please show the steps how to do this problem.Calculate the CHANGE in PH for the following:?
    Water has pH = 7

    Moles HCl = 0.020 x 0.50 / 1000 = 0.00001

    Total volume = 70 mL = 0.070 L

    Concentration H+ = 0.00001 / 0.070 = 0.000143

    pH = 3.85

    delta pH =3.15
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  • HELP! Need to find a change in pH!?

    A beaker with 185 mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.100 M . A student adds 7.20 mL of a 0.300 M HCl solution to the beaker. How much will the pH change? The pKa of acetic acid is 4.760.



    Express your answer numerically to two decimal places. Use a minus (-) sign if the pH has decreased.





    If you could show how you got the answer I would greatly appreciate it! Thanks!HELP! Need to find a change in pH!?
    see the Pearson's chi square test

    PLEASE HELP! pH Change?!?

    What is the pH change of a 0.280 M solution of citric acid (pKa=4.77) if citrate is added to a concentration of 0.175 M with no change in volume?



    If you could please show how you came to your answer that would be great. Thank you!PLEASE HELP! pH Change?!?
    -.0873772887686862386127836789234

    How much water you need to add to 10 mL of 0.01 M HCl to change its pH from 2 to 3?

    and WHYY?How much water you need to add to 10 mL of 0.01 M HCl to change its pH from 2 to 3?
    YOU SCREWED UP

    it should be 0.1 M HCL

    she changed it remember?





    U FAIL

    How to change the PH of my aquarium water?

    seriously I've tried everything: adding special chemicals, 100% water changes... everything (its sitting at 9.0 and i want to buy the green betta before someone buys it)



    and now about 4 days ago these little tufts of algae started sprouting all over the front of the tank (they look like little bushes about 0.5 cm apart)



    PLEASE HELPHow to change the PH of my aquarium water?
    Drift wood will lower the pH. Make sure to boil the wood for 20 minutes to kill any parasites in the wood. This also helps remove the tannis which makes the water brown.



    I had the same problem in my 26gal tank. I put in 3 pieces of dritwood and my pH went from 7.8 to 6.0.How to change the PH of my aquarium water?
    try getting reverse osmosis or distilled water and mix it with some of your tap. some pet stores might be able to do that for you.
    you can buy the green betta and keep it in the cup until you get the water chemistry to where you need it. Im sure the betta would do the same thing in the cup at your house as it would in the pet store. As for your water problem im guessing cause you have buffers in the tank or your household tap has a very high pH. If you have things like sea shells, coral, buffering sands, things of that nature you need to take them out if you don't have those then see if your local fish store has RO water that they sell (mine sells 4 gallons for around 3 dollars) the pH should be good for the betta if it is just the RO water and none from your tap.

    Calculate the change in pH caused by adding 10. mL of 2.7-M HCl is added to 400. mL of each of the following s?

    i have to do this for homework due in a week, and ive been trying to do it for 4 days, i just dont understand it. can someone please explain how to do this problem? please



    Calculate the change in pH caused by adding 10. mL of 2.7-M HCl is added to 400. mL of each of the following solutions.



    a) water



    pH before mixing =

    pH after mixing= .

    pH change =



    b) 0.13 M CH3COO1- Acid-base table



    pH before mixing =

    pH after mixing=

    pH change =



    c) 0.13 M CH3COOH



    pH before mixing =

    pH after mixing=

    pH change =



    d) a buffer solution that is 0.13 M in each CH3COO1- and CH3COOH



    pH before mixing =

    pH after mixing=

    pH change =Calculate the change in pH caused by adding 10. mL of 2.7-M HCl is added to 400. mL of each of the following s?
    see the Pearson's chi square test
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  • Calculate the change in pH caused by adding 10. mL of 2.7-M HCl is added to 400. mL of each of the following?

    i have to do this for homework due in a week, and ive been trying to do it for 4 days, i just dont understand it. can someone please explain how to do this problem? please



    Calculate the change in pH caused by adding 10. mL of 2.7-M HCl is added to 400. mL of each of the following solutions.



    a) water



    pH before mixing =

    pH after mixing= .

    pH change =



    b) 0.13 M CH3COO1- Acid-base table



    pH before mixing =

    pH after mixing=

    pH change =



    c) 0.13 M CH3COOH



    pH before mixing =

    pH after mixing=

    pH change =



    d) a buffer solution that is 0.13 M in each CH3COO1- and CH3COOH



    pH before mixing =

    pH after mixing=

    pH change =Calculate the change in pH caused by adding 10. mL of 2.7-M HCl is added to 400. mL of each of the following?
    see the Pearson's chi square test

    Chemistry... pH change? PLEASE help!?

    What is the pH change of a 0.280 M solution of citric acid (pKa=4.77) if citrate is added to a concentration of 0.175 M with no change in volume?



    If you could PLEASE show how you came to your answer I would appreciate it a lot! Thanks in advance!Chemistry... pH change? PLEASE help!?
    Ka = 10^-4.77 =1.70 x 10^-5



    1.70 x 10^-5 = x^2 / 0.280-x

    x = [H+]= 0.00218 M

    pH = 2.66 initial pH



    pH = 4.77 + log 0.175/ 0.280= 4.56



    change pH = 1.9

    How can substances change the pH of soil?

    eg Lime (calcium carbonate) or Dolomitic Lime (Magnesium carbonate) can be added to acidic soils while Iron (II) sulfate or aluminum sulfate can help correct soil that has too much alkalineHow can substances change the pH of soil?
    When calcium carbonate or MgCO3 is added to soil, the CO3= ions combine with the naturally occuring H+ ions (derived from water equilibrium ) H2O at equilib with H+ plus OH-



    leaving the OH- ions in the water equilibrium to cause the soil to be more alkaline, or if the soil is originally acid containing excess H+ ions, the OH- ions will convert these excess H+ to water.



    In the case of soil being to alkali with excess OH- ions, the addition of Fe+2 and Al+3 ions cause just the opposite from the reaction above to happen.



    either of the ions will react with any OH- ions in the soil which is making it too alkaline and convert these loose OH- ions into insoluble compounds such as Fe(OH)2 or Al(OH)3 which binds up the OH-, leaving the H+ from the water equilibrium above to show up and increase the acidity of the soil.

    How do you make 1.007 specific gravity water?

    Doeas anyone know?? I want a Figure 8 puffer and was thinking about buying it a 12 gallon bio-wheel fish tank and I heard they do better in brackish water. I also wanted to know how you change Ph of water?? Thank youHow do you make 1.007 specific gravity water?
    You need a pack of aquarium saltwater mix and a hydrometer.



    Saltwater mix is not just plain salt, it has other minerals that natural sea water contains.



    When you get your puffer it will probably be in fresh water, so set up your tank freshwater.



    Then when you do your partial water changes add some salt to the new water in the bucket so your hydrometer reads 1.007. Add that to the tank. Keep doing that for a couple of months and you will slowly convert your tank to brackish. Check the tank water with the hydrometer to monitor the progress. Then every time you do water changes, add the correct amount of salt. to the new water.



    The other chemicals in the salt mix will tend to buffer your water pH to a higher level to suit your puffer as well.



    IanHow do you make 1.007 specific gravity water?
    Requires adding sea salt (not aquarium salt!) and using a hydrometer and/or refractometer to get the degree of salinity and specific gravity.



    Don't know the precise amount in tablespoons per gallon....but for ';brackish water'; set-ups there is.....

    http://badmanstropicalfish.com/brackish/

    to help with particular set-ups.

    Around 1-2 tablespoons of marine salt per gallon of water or a specific gravity of 1.005-1.010 will be adequate for the full lives of most of these fish.
    Use the salt mix for Saltwater Aquariums. This stuff will bring your Salinity up and also your ph.



    You will need to buy a hydor meters this will tell you would your Salinity is at.



    You might need to just play around with it to figure out how much you need to put in. Add it little by little and check it every-time to see how much you have.
    You can change Ph with a Ph buffer I use a product called 8.3 Buffer from Waterlife,
    You need to buy a hygrometer which will tell you if there's enough marine salt in your water (buy marine salt, not rock salt or aquarium salt). And if at all possible, don't mess with the pH. Once you start messing with it, it is almost impossible to stablize it and it will fluctuate vastly at random. Another problem would be that every time you did water changes, you'd have to struggle adjusting the pH and getting it stabilized each time, and matching it to the current pH in the tank. Unless your water is drastically far off from 7.8-8.3, it'd probably better to slowly acclimate the fish to your normal pH (most fish (there are exceptions) can adjust to pH that is sort of kind of close to the ideal).

    Calculating the change in pH.....HHHEEELLLPPP?

    A beaker with 130 mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.100 M. A student adds 6.60 mL of a 0.330 M HCl solution to the beaker. How much will the pH change? The pKa of acetic acid is 4.760.Calculating the change in pH.....HHHEEELLLPPP?
    Use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to find the ratio of acid and conjugate base the current solution has:



    pH = pKa + log[A-/HA]



    [HA] = CH3COOH

    [A-] = CH3COONa



    pH = 5.00, pKa = 4.760



    5.00 = 4.760 = log[A-/HA]



    1.74 = [A-]/[HA]



    1.74[HA] = [A-]; this is the ratio between acid and conjugate base.



    The total molarity of the solution is 0.100, so the total molarity of [HA] and [A-] has to equal to 0.100.

    [HA] + [A-] = 0.100



    Plug in the equation from the top:

    2.74[HA] = 0.100



    [HA] = 0.0365 M

    [A-] = 0.0635 M



    Multiply by the volume to find the mmoles of each you have.



    [HA] = 0.0365 * 130 mL = 4.475 mmoles HA

    [A-] = 0.0635 * 130 mL = 8.255 mmoles A-



    6.60 mL * 0.330 M = 2.178 mmoles HCl = 2.178 mmoles H+ ions



    HCl reacts completely with A- to produce HA, so you will lose 2.178 mmoles of A- and produce 2.178 mmoles HA.



    4.475 + 2.178 = 6.653 mmoles HA

    8.255 - 2.178 = 6.077 mmoles A-



    Stick it back into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. You could divide by the total volume or leave it in mmoles, but it doesn't matter since it's a ratio of the two:



    pH = pKa + log[A-/HA]

    pH = 4.760 + log[6.077/6.653] = 4.76 - 0.04 = 4.72
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  • Rate = k [IO3-][SO42-][H+] (if pH changes, how does rate change)?

    By What factor will the rate of reaction change if the pH changes from 4.5 to 2.0Rate = k [IO3-][SO42-][H+] (if pH changes, how does rate change)?
    The rate equation shows that the reaction is first order with respect to the concentration of H+.



    Since pH = - log [H+]



    At pH 4.5, [H+] = 3.16 x 10^-5 M

    At pH 2.0, [H+] = 1.0 x 10^-2 M



    So the rate of reaction changes by the factor of 1.0 x 10^-2 /3.16 x 10^-5 = 316. It is 316 times faster when the pH changes from 4.5 to 2

    Chemistry help??? Find the Change in Ph?

    A beaker with 130 mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.100 M. A student adds 6.60 mL of a 0.330 M HCl solution to the beaker. How much will the pH change? The pKa of acetic acid is 4.760.



    Can someone help me solve this??Chemistry help??? Find the Change in Ph?
    Let's assume that the salt in the buffer is sodium acetate, NaAc. There are two processes at work



    HAc 鈫?H+ + Ac- and NaAc 鈫?Na+ + Ac-



    where H+ represents the hydronium ion and Ac- the conjugate base. The HAc is a weak acid, so equilibium in the first is well over to the left, that is, the degree of dissociation is small. On the other hand, it may be assumed that the salt is completely dissociated.



    As there is a volume change when the hydrochloric acid is added, we shall carry out much of the calculation in terms of the amount of each component, ie the number of moles present, rather than the concentration. The amount of acetate present, either as undissociated acid or conjugate base, is constant throughout the events described, and amounts to (130/1000) x 0.100 = 0.013 mol. Since we are told that the pH of the buffer is 5.00, we can work out the ratio of the concentrations of these from the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation



    pH = pKa + log[Ac-]/[HAc]



    or [Ac-]/[HAc] = 10^(5.00 - 4.76) = 1.738



    and since [Ac-] + [HAc] = 0.100 M, this gives



    [Ac-] = 6.348 x 10^(-2) M, so number of moles of Ac- in buffer is

    (130/1000) x 6.348 x 10^(-2) = 8.252 x 10^(-3) mol



    [HAc] = 3.652 x 10^(-2), so number of moles of HAc in buffer is

    (130/1000) x 3.652 x 10^(-2) = 4.748 x 10^(-3) mol



    When the hydrochloric acid is added to the buffer, the H+ ions from it combine with Ac- ions to form additional HAc, whose concentration increases while that of the conjugate base decreases by the same amount, since the sum total is constant. As [H+] is small in comparison to both [HAc] and [Ac-], and does not change greatly (since the solution is a buffer), it is a reasonable approximation to assume that this process goes to completion. Since the number of moles of H+ in the HCl added is (6.60/1000) x 0.330 = 2.178 x 10^(-3) mol



    final amount of HAc = 4.748 x 10^(-3) + 2.178 x 10^(-3) = 6.926 x 10^(-3) mol



    final amount of Ac- = 8.252 x 10^(-3) - 2.178 x 10^(-3) = 6.074 x 10^(-3) mol



    Hence the final pH, from the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, is



    pH = pKa + log[6.074 x 10^(-3)/6.926 x 10^(-3)] = 4.760 - 0.057 = 4.703



    Note that, since these amounts are both dissolved in the same volume of solution, we do not need to convert them from moles to molarities, the ratio being the same.

    Science Project: ph level, tadpoles and changing ph levels?

    A study found that the optimal ph level for tadpoles is at 6.3. First, I'm wondering why the tadpoles grow best in acidic solution rather than a basic one.

    And second, obviously, the ph level in the pond near my house is not going to be at 6.3 so how can i change this? Most likely, I won't have time to drop by once every week to drop a few tablets into the water, so I was thinking of a ';permanent'; solution.

    -Just hypothetical but, can bicarbonate help to maintain the ph level at around 6.3? Since it regulates our body ph level. I only know the cycle turns the oxygen or carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and turn it back afterwards? So I'm confused. Could this be a viable solution? Or is there another way?Science Project: ph level, tadpoles and changing ph levels?
    dunno

    HELP with calculation of the change in pH!!!!!?

    A beaker with 130 mL of an acetic acid buffer with a pH of 5.00 is sitting on a benchtop. The total molarity of acid and conjugate base in this buffer is 0.100 M. A student adds 6.60 mL of a 0.330 M HCl solution to the beaker. How much will the pH change? The pKa of acetic acid is 4.760. what is the delta ph??HELP with calculation of the change in pH!!!!!?
    see the Pearson's chi square test

    How does diluting a solution affects its pH?

    For example, say I have a 1/4 cup of lemon juice that has a pH of 2.5. If I add 1/4 cup of water and dilute it by half, how does the pH change? It is half as acidic--something like pH of 4.75? Is there a simple way to calculate this?How does diluting a solution affects its pH?
    pH = 2.5 = -Log[H+]



    Log[H+] = -2.5 = 0.5 - 3



    [H+] = 3.2 x 10^-3 Next dilute by half:



    [H+] = 1.6 x 10^-3



    Log[H+] = 0.2 - 3 = 2.8



    pH = -Log[H+] = -2.8How does diluting a solution affects its pH?
    It brings it closer to a ph of 7, which is the neutral ph
  • hold the tough drive freshly founder
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  • I need help from forensic scientists who know about trace evidence?

    How long can fibre stay in environment without changing?



    How far can trace evidence travel?



    How much does the pH vary from soil to soil? Is it possible to say where the soil came from? How?



    How significant is the change in pH in soil?



    What factors change pH in soil?



    What is the reliability of pollen analysis?





    Please explain your answers!I need help from forensic scientists who know about trace evidence?
    Depends on fibre, temperature, water, ultraviolet light. Example: 1) paper, damp, warm Decayed by fungus. 2) Nylon, dry, dark, cool, maybe millions of years. 3) Glass fibre: vey high permanence.



    Trace evidence can be carried by a criminal as fast and as far as they go.



    pH range is 0 to 14. Bogs can ahve a low pH e.g. 3. A high pH might be 9. pH tells us very little about soil. Pollen analysis, and isotopic analysis could help with soil characterisation.



    pH change could be relevant if e.g. body fluids entered the soil. Recent urine could make soil very smelly (ammonia) and alkaline.



    Presence of limestone, marble, humus.



    Pollen analysis: excellent, I think.

    I have a formula of potassium carbonate and water, saturated solution. How can I change the pH from 12 to 8?

    i think if u add some SO2 it will become more acidicI have a formula of potassium carbonate and water, saturated solution. How can I change the pH from 12 to 8?
    Add water.

    WAter has a ph of 7, so adding water will lower the ph of the solution.

    Alternatively, adding any alkali or any substance with a ph lower then 8 will do the trick.

    How to change the pH of the body?

    I have heard that your body should be alkiline (pH over 7), and you can test your bodies pH using those paper tabs from the health food stores. How would a person change their pH? i don't know what foods, etc would cause a change.How to change the pH of the body?
    When I had a high acidity level due to taking medicine and drinking too much coffee and pop, I found that drinking a lot of water and herbal tea helped to clear up the problem very quickly and easily.



    The link below shows which foods have acid or alkaline forming foods, eating a balance from each list should help keep the body's ph balanced. Many times the body's ph will become very acidic when a lot of caffeine drinks, meat and medicine are being takenHow to change the pH of the body?
    I am not sure what you mean by ';your body'; should be alkaline, but your blood's pH already IS naturally slightly alkaline at 7.4 (average range 7.35 to 7.45). Why would you want to change it? Since your blood is highly buffered, it would take large amounts of acid or base to offset your blood's pH. However, once those buffers are overcome, even small amounts of acid or base could change your blood pH (you may have had these sorts of experiments in your chemistry class). Once you reach this stage, you could be in serious trouble.



    If your pH is even slightly off balance (less than 7.2 or greater than 7.6), you could be in severe distress where you are hyperventilating, put on a respirator and certainly in the ICU.



    Presence of either acidosis or alkalosis usually means there is something that is utterly wrong, whether it be your kidneys, lungs, your blood sugar, extreme dehydration or any of numerous other causes.
    Avoid excessive protein and fats because your body will need to buffer the acids (amino and fatty) by pulling minerals from your bones. Sugar and grains are also acidic. So, what can you eat?

    Lean meats like chicken and turkey breast with lots of green leafy veggies and citrus fruits, berries. In fact most low glycemic fruits and veggies are great. Just avoid the starchy vegetables and high glycemic melons and your PH should be fine.

    How to figure out pH value change?

    Determine the pH change that will occur when the following salt is dissolved in water:

    K2SO3How to figure out pH value change?
    Since K2SO3 produces SO3^2- in solution and it is the conjugate base of the very weak acid HSO3^1-, the solution will be basic. The pH will go up (above 7)How to figure out pH value change?
    dependds how many people have been peeing in the water
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  • How to calculate pH change (buffers)?

    Calculate the pH change that occurs when 1.0mL of 1.0M HCl is added to:

    a. 1.0 L of pure water and

    b. 1.0 L of acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer with [CH3CO2H] = 0.70M and [CH3CO2-] = 0.60M.

    How to calculate pH change (buffers)?
    moles HCl = 0.0010 L x 1.0 M = 0.0010



    a.

    pH of pure water = 7.0

    total volume = 1.001 L

    [H+] = 0.0010 / 1.001 L = 0.000999 M

    pH = 3.00

    pH change = 7.0 - 3.0 = 4.0



    b.

    pH of the buffer = pKa + log [CH3COO-] / [CH3COOH]

    pH = 4.74 + log 0.60 / 0.70 = 4.67

    after 1.0 mL of HCl is added :

    CH3COO- + H+ = %26gt; CH3COOH

    moles CH3COO- = 0.60 - 0.0010 =0.599

    [CH3COO-] = 0.599 / 1.001 L =0.598 M

    moles CH3COOH = 0.70 + 0.0010 = 0.701

    [CH3COOH] = 0.701 / 1.001 = 0.700 M

    pH = 4.74 + log 0.598/ 0.700 = 4.67

    no change

    How do bio materials respond to pH change?

    my science teacher cant teach crapHow do bio materials respond to pH change?
    Generally they body responds by releasing enzyme buffers. Buffers balance out PH's either by secreting H+ or accepting the basic compound like NA+



    Example: Human Renal System



    The renal system regulates alkalosis by reabsorbing H+ and excreting bicarbonate in the urine by combining it with Na+.

    The weak base component of the bicarbonate system is NaHCO3.



    The renal system regulates free H+ over hours or days, but is very powerful. It is particularly important for non-volatile acids (by combining with NaHCO3).



    The renal system regulates acid/base balance by secreting H+ or reabsorbing HCO3-.How do bio materials respond to pH change?
    bio materials? if you're talking about proteins, they can become denatured/change shape, and that causes them to lose their intended function.
    OMFG, same here.



    anyways, it just goes like this



    Below 7 is Basic



    7 is Neutral



    Above 7 is Acidic



    i think sorry %26gt;.%26lt;
    Eric, sorry but your wrong! XD



    The higher the number the more basic the solution and the lower the number the more acidic.



    7 is nuetral though, you were right about that! But something at 7 is VERY VERY different from something at pH 1.



    For everyone number you go you are increasing by x10 (or decreasing) for example 6 pH is 10 times more acidic then 7 and 5 is 100 times more acidic then 7 and 4 is 1,000 times more acidic then 7.



    If a human body were to be put in something with a pH of 1 it would die.



    Acid dissolves tissue.



    Hope this helps!